Yes, evidence strongly suggests that correct strength training can make you a faster runner, particularly over middle and long distances. This is primarily achieved by:
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Improving your Running Economy (RE): As explained above, using less energy at any given pace means you can sustain a faster pace for longer, or finish a race feeling stronger.
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Enhancing RE Durability: Strength training helps you maintain your running efficiency even when you start to get tired, meaning you slow down less in the later stages of a run or race.
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Increasing Anaerobic Contributions: While distance running is mainly aerobic, strength training can improve your maximal sprint speed, which is beneficial for tactical surges or a strong finishing kick.
Improvements have been seen in time trials from 1.5km up to 10km and beyond, with some studies noting the most significant differences in the later stages of races.