Undulation is a single value that represents the difficulty of a route based on the gradients traversed (its elevation changes). The higher the value, the more difficult the terrain, and the greater the effect on your pace.
Using advanced statistical analysis, TrainAsONE has formulated a methodology to calculate a single number to measure terrain difficulty. We are also able to correlate this value with Normalised Graded Pace (NGP). Consequently, given the undulation for a route (or an estimate based on routes in the same location), the system is able to perform predictive pacing adjustments.
When specifying paces, TrainAsONE can take into account the anticipated undulation along with other factors (such as temperature, with wind and humidity on the roadmap) to deduce an Environment Adjusted Pace (EAP). Settings to control this are found within your Profile. Similarly, all activities are analysed with respect to the environment experienced.
Please note: Whilst undulation is highly effective for the system, we recognise that it is not necessarily intuitive or easy to interpret without experience. Consequently, we are looking at providing users with an alternative mechanism using direct ascent and descent values.